一、食品接觸材料介紹
食品接觸材料(Food Contact Materials 簡寫:FCM)是指產(chǎn)品在正常使用中與食品有接觸的材料。
涉及的產(chǎn)品包括:食品包裝、餐具廚具、食品加工機械、廚電產(chǎn)品等。
食品接觸材料包括:塑料、樹脂、橡膠、硅膠、金屬、合金、紙板、紙張、玻璃、陶瓷、搪瓷、著色劑、印刷油墨等。
二、可能產(chǎn)生的危害
食品接觸材料及制品可能會與在食品接觸的過程中影響食品的氣味、味道以及顏色,更可能會釋放出一些有毒化學成分如重金屬、有毒添加劑等,這些化學成分遷移到食品中,再被人體攝入,危害健康。
三、全球對食品接觸材料的安全要求(標準)
全球食品接觸材料安全要求大致分為三大區(qū)域:亞洲ASIA、歐盟EU、美國USA等。
1.國內的要求
測試標準 | 產(chǎn)品類別 | 測試標準 | 產(chǎn)品類別 |
GB 4806.2-2015 | 奶嘴 Nipple | GB/T 3532 | 日用瓷器 Domestic Porcelain Ware |
GB 4806.3-2016 | 搪瓷制品 Enamel | QB/T 4162 | 玻璃杯 Glass Tumblers |
GB 4806.4-2016 | 陶瓷制品 Ceramic | QBIT 4049 | 塑料飲水口杯 Plastic cup for drinking |
GB 4806.5-2016 | 玻璃制品 Glass | QB廠T 4624 | 保溫容器 保溫箱 Insulated Containers |
GB 4806.6-2016 | 食品接觸用塑料樹脂 Food contact plastic resin | QB/T 4882 | 日用塑料水壺 Daily plastic water canteen |
GB 4806.7-2016 | 食品接觸用塑料材料及制品 Food contact plastic finished articles | GB廠T 29601 | 不銹鋼器皿 Stainless steel ware |
GB 4806.8-2022 | 食品接觸用紙和紙板材料及制品 Food contact paper & paperboard | GB/T 29606 | 不銹鋼真空杯 Stainless steel vacuum flask |
GB 4806.9-2016 | 食品接觸用金屬材料及制品 Food contact metal | GB廠T 30769 | 不銹鋼水果刀 Stainless |
GB 4806.10-2016 | 食品接觸用涂料及涂層 Food contact coating | GB/T 30230 | 運動水壺 Sporting canteen |
GB/T 15067.2 | 不銹鋼餐具 Stainless steel cutlery | QB/T 2174 | 不銹鋼廚具 Stainless steel kitchen ware |
GB 4806.11-2016 | 食品接觸用橡膠材料及制品 Food contact rubber | GB/T 32388 | 鋁及鋁合金不粘鍋 Aluminum and aluminum alloyS nonstickcookware |
GB 4806.12-2022 | 食品接觸用竹木材料及制品 Food Contact Bamboo and Wood MMaterials and Articles | GB/T 32389 | 烘烤加工食品用器具 Utensils for baking food |
GB 17762 | 耐熱玻璃器具 Thermotolerant glass ware | ||
GB/ 27589 GB/T 27590 | 紙餐盒 Paper container set for food 紙杯 Paper cup | OB/T 4064 | 餐飲用鋼化玻璃器皿 Tempered glassware for foods beverages |
GB廠T 27591 | 紙碗 Paper bowl | GB/T 19790.1 | 一次性筷子第1部分:木筷 Disposable chopsticks-Part 1. Wooden chopsticks |
GB 4544 | 啤酒瓶 Beer bottles | ||
GBЛT 41001 | 密胺塑料餐飲具 Melamine plastic tableware | GB/ 41008 | 生物隆解飲用吸管 Biodegradable drinking straws |
GBЛT 40354 | 鐵質不粘鍋 Carbon steel nonstick cookware | GB/T 11416 | 日用保溫容器Domestic insulated containers |
OB/T 5613 | 不銹鋼真空烤瓷保溫杯 Stainless steel baked porcelain vacuum flask | OB/T 5612 | 鈦蔡杯 Titanium cup |
2.歐盟的要求
歐盟食品級框架法規(guī)(EC)No.1935/2004
在歐盟成員國銷售的與食品接觸的產(chǎn)品必須符合該項法規(guī)的相關要求
框架法規(guī)對與食品接觸類產(chǎn)品不同材料的要求及測試項目匯總:
※化學測試CHEMICAL TEST
材質類型 MATERIAL TYPE | 法規(guī) REGULATION | 測試項目 TESTING ITEMS |
塑料Plastic | EU 10/2011 with amendments | 全面遷移 Overall Migration 可溶性重金屬 Soluble Heavy Metal 塑料Plastic EU 10/2011 with amendments 初級芳香胺遷移 Specific migration of Primary Aromatic amine (PAA)特殊遷移 例如:甲醛特殊遷移(針對美耐皿)、丙烯特殊遷移(針對聚酰胺)Specific Migration Such As Specific Miqration Of Formaldehyde (ForMelamine), Specific migration of acrylonitrile (FOr ABS) |
有機涂層Organic Coating | EU 10/2011&AP(2004)1 | 全面遷移 Overall Migration 可溶性重金屬 Soluble Heavy Metal 初級芳香胺遷移 Specific migration of Primary Aromatic amine (PAA) 特殊遷移例如環(huán)氧衍生物特殊遷移(針對環(huán)氧涂層) Specific Migration of BADGE, BADGE Derivatives, BFDGE, NOGE (For Epoxy Coating)全氟辛烷磺酸鹽特殊遷移(針對聚四氟乙烯涂層)Specific Migration of PFOS (For PTFE Coating) |
硅膠Silicone Rubber | AP2004)5 | 全面遷移 Overall Migration揮發(fā)性有機物 VOM |
橡膠Rubber | AP(2004)4 &93/11/EEC | 全面遷移 Overall Migration 亞硝胺和亞硝基化合物 Nitrosamine And Nitrosatable Substances初級芳香胺特殊遷移 Specific Migration Of Primary Aromatic Amine |
紙制品 Paper | EDOM | 抗菌成分分析/防腐效應Transfer of antimicrobial agents/Preserving Effect鄰苯二甲酸酯遷移 Specific migration of phthalate(DBP, DIBP, DEHP)鉛遷移 Specific migration of Lead (Pb) 雙酚A遷移 Specific migration of BPA 紙制品 Paper EDOM 初級芳香胺遷移 Specific miqration of Primary Aromatic amine(PAA)多環(huán)芳烴(苯并(a)芘,苯并(a)蔥,苯并(b)熒蔥和 )遷移Specific migration of benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b) fluoranthene and chrysene頻色遷移 Miqration Of Colorants(Only For Colour Paper)熒光增白劑堅牢度 Migration of optical bleaching agents二苯甲酮、2-甲基二苯甲酮、3-甲基二苯甲酮和4-甲基二苯甲酮遷移Specific miqration of benzophenone, 2-methylbenzophenone,3-methylbenzophenone and 4-methyl benzophenone 4,4'-雙(二甲氨基)二苯甲酮(米氏酮)遷移 Specific migration of 4,4'-Bis(dimethyl-amino) benzophenone (Michler's Ketone)全面遷移 Overall miqration in MPPO (For baking and microwave oven use or onlycontact dry food) |
金屬Metal | Regulation (EC)No.1935/2004 &CM/Res(2013)9 | 可溶性重金屬(銀、鋁、銅、鉻鈷鐵、錳、鉬鎳、錫釩、鋅,砷,鋇鈹,鎘,汞,鋰,鉛,銻,鉈)Extractable heavy metal: 21 E (Ag, Al, Cu, Cr, Co, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sn, V, Zn,As, Ba, Be, Cd, Hg, Li, Pb, Sb, Tl) |
竹/木制品Bamboo/VVood | Regulation(EC)No.1935/2004 | 五氯苯酚 Pentachlorophenol(PCP)砷含量 Total Arsenic 衣殘 Pesticides 甲醛遷移 Specific miqration of Formaldehyde鄰苯遷移 Specific migration of phthalate |
陶瓷,玻璃Ceramic,Glass | 2005/31/EC(84/500/EEC) | 可溶性鉛鎘 Extractable Lead and Cadmium可溶性鈷 Extractable Cobalt |
搪瓷 Enamel | ISO 4531:2022 | 重金屬釋放量(銀,鋁,銅,鉻,鈷,錳,,釩,鋅,,鋇,,汞,鋰鉛,銻) |
所有材質 All Materials | (EC) No 1935/2004 | 感官測試-味道和氣味 Sensory Test-Taste And Odor |
※物理測試PHYSICAL TEST
產(chǎn)品類別 PRODUCT TYPE | 測試標準/測試項目 TESTING ITEMS |
陶瓷制品 Ceramic | 熱沖擊測試 Thermal Shock Resistance (EN 13258,EN 1183,ASTM C149, ASTM C554) |
玻璃制品 Glass | 洗碗機測試 Dishwasher Safe Test(EN 12875,ASTM C676,SGS內部方法)微波爐測試 Microwave Safe Test(EN 15284,SGS內部方法)撞擊強度 Physical lmpact Test(EN 12980,ASTM C368)陶瓷吸水率 Ceramic Water Absorption(EN 1217,ASTM C373)耐高低溫測試 Extreme Temperature Test (SGS內部方法 SGS In House Method) |
炊具 Cookware | EN 12983-1,The Cookware And Bakeware Alliance (CBA) EngineeringStandards |
烤具 Utensils for baking | EN 13834, The Cookware And Bakeware Alliance (CBA) EngineeringStandards |
刀餐具 Tableware | BS 5577,IS0 8442-1,1S0 8442-2,1S0 8442-5,1S0 8442-9 |
保溫容器 Insulated Container | EN 12546-1.EN 12546-2.EN 12546-3 |
3.德國、法國、意大利對食品級的額外要求
德國 GERMANY | 法國 FRANCE | 意大利 ITALY | |||
材質類型MATERIAL TYPE | 測試項目TESTING ITEMS | 材質類型MATERIAL TYPE | 測試項目TESTING ITEMS | 材質類型MATERIAL TYPE | 測試項目TESTING ITEMS |
塑料Plastic | 多環(huán)芳香烴PAHs顏色遷移Color Release | 塑料Plastic | 鄰苯遷移Specific migrationo鉤 phthalate雙酚A BPA | 塑料Plastic | 顏色遷移Color Miqration |
硅膠Silicone | 萃取物含量Extractablesubstances鉛和鎘 Pb And Cd多環(huán)芳香烴 PAHS顏色遷移 Color Release總鉑 Total platinum | 硅膠Silicone | 過氧化值/有機錫以錫計 Peroxide ValueOrganotin Measured As Tin | 硅膠Silicone | 重金屬遷移Specific migrationof heavy metals初級芳香胺遷移Specific migrationof primary aromaticamine |
陶瓷,玻璃Ceramic, Glass | 杯邊測試Lip And Rim Test | 不銹鋼Stainless Steel | 成分分析Composition Analysis | 鋁/鋁合金Aluminum/ Aluminum Alloy | 金屬成分分析Metal Composition |
橡膠 Rubber | 甲醛特殊遷移ExtractableFormaldehyde初級芳香胺特殊遷移Specific Migrationof PAA 多環(huán)芳香烴PAHS 顏色遷移Color Release重金屬(Pb/AI/Zn)遷移Specific migrationof Pb & Al, Zn | 橡膠 Rubber | 初級和次級芳香胺遷移Specific migration ofprimary and secondaryaromatic amine甲醛和六亞甲基四胺遷移Specific migrationof Formaldehydeand Hexamethylenetetramine過氧化值Peroxide value揮發(fā)性有機物VOM 重金屬遷移Specific migrationof heavy metals重金屬含量Heavy metal content | 橡膠 Rubber | 甲醛特殊遷移 Specificmigrationof Formaldehyde初級芳香胺特殊遷移Specific MigrationOf PAA過氧化值特殊遷移Specific migrationof peroxide |
紙制品/紙板制品Paper/Paperboard | 可萃取乙二醛Extractable glyoxal熱水提取Hot Extraction偶氮染料AZO可萃取1,3-二氯-2-丙醇(DCP)和3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-MCPD)Extractable DCP &MCPD | 紙制品/紙板制品Paper/Paperboard | 五氯苯酚PCP雙酚 ABPA鄰苯二甲酸酯遷移Specific migrationof phthalate光引發(fā)劑遷移量Specific migrationof Reticants/ photoinitiators for ink | 不銹鋼Stainless Steel | 全面遷移測試Overall MiqrationTest 鎳鉻錳溶出量測試Extractable Ni,Cr & Mn |
鋁/鋁合金Aluminum/Aluminum Alloy | 成分分析Composition Analysis | 陶瓷Ceramic | 杯邊測試Lip And Rim Test | ||
鋼Steel | 限制金屬元素測試Content ofUndesirableElements | 玻璃Glass | 全面遷移測試Overall Miqration可溶性鉛 Extractable LeadContent杯邊測試Lip And Rim Test | ||
陶瓷Ceramic | 可溶性鋁、鈷、砷Leachable Al/Co/As杯邊測試Lip And Rim Test | 搪瓷Enamel | 全面遷移測試Overall /iqration Test鉛鎘鎳鉻錳溶出量測試Extractable Pb. CdNi, Cr & Mn | ||
玻璃搪瓷Glass, Enamel | 可溶性鋁、鈷、砷Leachable A//Co/As可溶性六價鉻 Extractable Cr(Vl)杯邊測試 L噉鏞p And Rim Test | ||||
木制品Wood | 多氯聯(lián)苯PCB 萃取重金屬(Pb/Cd/Hg)Extractable heavymetal (Pb/Cd/Ha) | ||||
竹制品 Bamboo | 萃取重金屬(Pb /Hg)Extractable heavymetal (PbHg)抗菌劑遷移Transfer ofantimicrobial agents全面遷移Overall migration |
4.美國的要求
美國食品級法規(guī)USFOODGRADE:U.S.FDACFR21PART 175-189&FDA CPG 7117.05,06,07
美國FDA對與食品接觸容器及材料的通用要求:General requirement for materials in contact with food.
廠家能夠依照GMP體系(良好生產(chǎn)規(guī)范)運作 Factory is under GMPsystem | 使用法規(guī) 中批準的材料(U.S. FDA CFR 21 Part 170-189) Material used meet thedefinition of the materialin corresponding sub-title(US FDA CFR 21 Part 170-189) | 原材料應符合規(guī)范中的技術指標(U.S. FDA CFR Part170-189) Raw material in compliance with thespecification defined insub-title (US FDA CFRPart 170-189) | 任何進入市場的新材料必須經(jīng)U.S.FDA審核及認可(與歐盟新的食品級法規(guī)2004/1935/EC相類似) Any new material put intomarket must be approvedby US FDA authoritybefore (very similar tonew EU FoodgradeDirective 2004/1935/EC) |
U.S.FDA CFR 21 PART 175-189
測試項目TESTING ITEMS | 測試標準TESTING STANDARDS |
紙制品要求 Paper and Paperboard Requirement | U.S. FDA CFR 21 176.170 |
有機涂層要求 Organic Coating Requirement | U.S. FDA CFR 21 175.300 |
木材要求 Wood Requirement | U.S. FDA CFR 21 178.3800 |
ABS塑料要求 ABS Requirement | U.S.FDA CFR 21 181.32 and 180.22 |
食品容器的密封圈要求,如硅橡膠圈 Closure With Sealing Gaskets for Food Containers, e.g. Silicone Rubber | U.S.FDA CFR 21 177.1210 |
美耐皿樹脂要求 Melamine Resins Requirement | U.S. FDA CFR 21 177.1460 |
尼龍塑料要求,如尼龍6、尼龍66、尼龍610、尼龍6/66、尼龍6/12、尼龍12T等Nylon Requiremen, te.g.Nylon6, Nylon66, Nylon610, Nylon6/66, Nylon | U.S.FDA CFR 21 177.1500 |
PP、PE塑料要求 PP,PE Requirement | U.S.FDA CFR 21 177.1520 |
PC塑料要求 PC Requirement | U.S.FDA CFR 21 177.1580 |
PET塑料要求 PET Requirement | U.S.FDA CFR 21 177.1630 |
PS塑料要求 PS Requirement | U.S.FDA CFR 21 177.1640 |
聚楓樹脂要求 Polysulfone Resin Requirement | U.S.FDA CFR 21 177.1655 |
苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物要求,如MMA、MBS Styrene-Methyl Methacrylate Requirement, e.g. MMA, MBS | U.S FDA CFR 21 177.1830 |
脲醛樹脂要求 Urea-Formaldehyde Resin | U.S. FDA CFR 21 177.1900 |
酚醛樹脂要求 Phenolic Resin | US.FDA CFR 21 177.2410 |
共聚聚酯樹脂要求 Polyester Resin,Cross-linked | U.S.FDA CFR 21 177.2420 |
橡膠要求,如SBS、TPR等Rubber Requirement,e.g.SBS,TPR | U.S.FDA CFR 21 177.2600 |
聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯 Polytetramethylene terephthalate (PBT) | U.S.FDA CFR 21 177.1660 |
2,6-二甲基對聚苯氧 Poly(2,6-dimethy-1,4-phenylene) oxide)(PPO) | U.S.FDA CFR 21 177.2460 |
紡織品 Textile fabric | US FDA CFR 21 177.2800 |
膠黏劑 Adhesive | U.S FDA CFR 21 175.300 |
鍍銀制品要求 Silver PlatedRequirement | U.S. FDA CPG 7117.05 |
玻璃、陶瓷、搪瓷食品器皿要求 Ceramic, Glass,Enamel Food Ware Requirement | U.S.FDA CPG 7117.06,07 |
陶瓷器皿的吸水率及與吸水率相關的其它性能 Water Absorption and Associated Properties for ceramicware | ASTM C373-2018(R2023) |
玻璃容器的抗熱震性 Thermal Shock Resistance of Glass Containers | ASTM C149-2014(R2020) |
焙燒的釉面衛(wèi)生陶瓷抗釉裂性 Crazing Resistance of Fired Glazed Ceramic Whitewares | ASTM C554-1993(R2020) |
炊具和烤具的工程標準 Cookware & Bakeware Aliance (CBA) 2022 Engineering Standards for Cookware and Bakeware | CBA 2022 |
加州65對陶瓷、玻璃制品的額外要求CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65 CERAMIC & GLASS PRODUCT REQUIREMENT
可溶性的鉛和鎘 Leachable lead and cadmium | ||
與食品或飲料接觸的部位(如:杯子和碗的內部) In contact with Food/Beverage part (e.g.Cupand bowl Interior part | 外部裝飾部位(如:器皿表面的圖案和顏色) Exterior decoration part (e.g. patterncolor on exterior part surface) | 杯邊部位 (距離邊緣20mm內的部位) Lip and Rim of Cup and Mug part(within 20mm) |
其中,加州另有要求:出口到加州的器皿,必須符合加州65條例要求(包括器皿與食品接觸部分、外部裝飾、杯邊部位)。
涵蓋的產(chǎn)品有:用于儲存、承載食品或飲料的玻璃和陶瓷制品、非與食品或飲料接觸的玻璃和陶瓷制品(日用品)
5.澳大利亞的要求
澳大利亞目前沒有如歐盟(EC) No.1935/2004 或美國FDA的統(tǒng)一法規(guī)去規(guī)管食品接觸材料。In Australia, no clear defined united regulation as EU Requlation (EC) No.1935/2004 or US FDA
塑料 PLASTICS | 歐盟EU 10/2011或美國FDA的測試項目均適用于澳洲AS2070:1999要求Adapt either EU 10/2011 or US FDA requirement as stated in AS 2070:1999 |
陶瓷、玻璃、搪瓷器皿 CERAMIC WARE, GLASS WARE, ENAMELED WARE | 法律法規(guī):澳洲 No.289,1991條例(N0.90,1956條例修改版)Adapt Australia No.289,1991 (amendment of regulation No. 90, 1956)測試項目:可溶性鉛和鎘測試,依據(jù)BS4860-1 and 2 Test: extractable lead and cadmium according to BS 4860-1 and 2 |
金屬器皿 METAL WARE | 法律法規(guī):參考歐盟EU 1935/2004/ECRefer to EU 1935/2004/EC測試項目:可溶性重金屬(銀、鋁、銅、鉻、鈷,鐵、錳、鉬、鎳、錫、釩、鋅,砷鋇,鈹,鎘,汞,鋰,鉛,銻,鉈)Extractable heavy metal: 21 E (Ag, Al, Cu, Cr, Co, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sn, V, Zn, As, Ba,Be, Cd, Hg, Li, Pb, Sb, TI) |
我們秉承科學嚴謹?shù)墓ぷ鲬B(tài)度,以客戶為中心,高效統(tǒng)籌安排測試計劃,竭力縮短測試時間的周期,為客戶提供快捷、公正的第三方咨詢檢測等服務。服務區(qū)域遍布廣東廣州、深圳、東莞、佛山、中山、珠海、清遠、惠州、茂名、揭陽、梅州、江門、肇慶、汕頭、潮州、河源、韶關及全國各地如您有相關產(chǎn)品需要咨詢,歡迎您直接來電咨詢我司工作人員,獲得詳細的費用報價與周期方案等信息,深圳訊科期待您的光臨!